Swedish computer team cracks world's toughest code

LONDON, England (Reuters) -- A team of Swedish computer buffs have fought off thousands of rivals from around the world to crack what was billed as the toughest code challenge ever set.

It took the Swedes the equivalent of 70 years of computer time to decipher 10 increasingly difficult codes set by author Simon Singh in his international bestseller "The Code Book."

They ranged from ciphers dating back to ancient Greece through Victorian codes and the famed Nazi Enigma code machine from World War II.

"It is the toughest code that has ever been cracked," Singh said on Thursday before handing over the first prize check for 10,000 pounds ($15,000) to the team headed by Fredrik Almgren.

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Almgren works on Internet security. He solved the puzzle with software developer Torbjorn Granlund and a trio of computer buffs from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm.

The challenge had obsessed thousands of codebreakers around the world. They even set up their own Web site that attracted 2,500 fans from a 14-year-old schoolboy to math professors.

Singh, believing that the ultimate prize was out of their reach, had already given a 1,000-pound prize to two computer buffs who had cracked the first nine codes. But then the Swedes came through with the solution to the final "512 bit" code.

Singh, who has a doctorate in physics at Cambridge University, took two years to create the brain teasers with Dr. Paul Leyland, who works for Microsoft in Cambridge.

They worked in total secrecy. "I regularly went into my little garden, dipped the relevant papers in molten wax and set them alight," Singh told Thursday's Daily Telegraph.

Almgren admitted that it was a long, hard grind and the Swedish team was tempted to abandon ship at times.

"The first stages were very simple but at one point we thought we wouldn't get any further than stage eight," he told BBC radio.

"When you do come to the 10th stage it is a question of heavy mathematics and rather difficult algorithms that I don't even claim to understand myself."

The cipher the team finally cracked is similar to the online security used by Internet banking and shopping outlets. But Singh argued that this did not mean Internet security had been compromised.

"It is the sort of thing that some people do use on the Internet for Internet security," Singh said.

"That doesn't necessarily mean that Internet security is invalid because it took a year for a team of Swedes to crack this with some very sophisticated computers."

Copyright 2000 Reuters. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.

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Kungl. Tekniska Hšgskolan - KTH (Royal Institute of Technology)
University of Cambridge

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